3D 인쇄 시 위험

매일 3D 프린팅 산업 수준과 국내 수준 모두에서 더 널리 퍼져 있으며 많은 응용 프로그램의 개발을 향상합니다. 많은 분야에서. 미디어 수준에서는 기술의 이점만 두드러지지만 반드시 주의해야 할 사항이 있습니다. 3D 인쇄 세계에서 시작할 때 고려해야 할 사항입니다.

그러나 모든 사용자는 3D 프린팅 중에 발생할 수 있는 특정 위험을 고려해야 합니다. 위험의 두 가지 주요 원인과 더 일반적인 것은 한편으로는 재료의 융합 중에 방출되는 가스이고 다른 한편으로는 3D 프린터의 오용 또는 전자 장치의 열악한 상태로 인한 화재의 가능한 원인입니다.

아래에서 위험의 주요 원인과 주요 문제를 방지하기 위해 취해야 할 예방 조치에 대해 자세히 설명합니다.

가스 및 악취 배출

3D FDM/FFF 프린팅에 사용되는 모든 재료는 플라스틱이거나 이 재료가 일부 포함되어 있습니다. 이 시점에서 우리는 PLA, ABS 및 HIPS의 가장 일반적인 세 ​​가지에 초점을 맞출 것입니다.

ABS와 HIPS는 3D 프린팅에서 매우 널리 사용되는 두 가지 재료입니다. 또한 지지체 물질로 HIPS(D-Limonene에 용해됨)와 기본 물질로 ABS를 조합하여 사용하는 것이 매우 일반적입니다. 이 두 물질은 융합하는 동안 대기 중에 존재하는 것보다 20배 더 많은 스티렌이 방출된다는 단점이 있습니다. , 발암성이 됨 이러한 방출된 가스의 장기간 호흡의 경우.

PLA는 모든 3D 프린터에서 인쇄하기 쉬운 소재입니다. 따라서 3D 프린팅을 위한 기존의 모든 재료 중에서 가장 다재다능합니다. 생성된 노폐물에 대해 락타이드를 방출 , 앞서 언급한 ABS의 문제를 나타내지 않으며 사람의 건강에 영향을 주지도 않습니다 .

In addition, industrial 3D printers sincorporate the HEPA filter , which is a type of high efficiency air filter that meets high standards. Therefore, if you don't have a closed 3D printer with a HEPA filter, the main recommendation is to keep the place of printing well ventilated (care must be taken with drafts since they cause the dreaded warping and cracking effect in open 3D printers).

Therefore, in domestic environments, it's advisable to print filaments that don't emit odors as long as they comply with the mechanical properties.

Possible fire sources

Image 1:Possible fire sources

At this point we must take into account first of all that 3D printers that don't have the CE mark (European Certificate) don't pass any quality control , something that can become very dangerous in the event of a failure.

Electricity

It must be taken into account that the characteristics of the electrical network to which the 3D printer is connected must be exactly those indicated on the machine:230 Vac, 50Hz. In addition, attention should be paid to where the 3D printer connects. If it's fed from a terminal strip with more consumers, it can cause fuses to blow or the protections of the installation to skip. Therefore, the characteristics of the line must be checked before connection . When cleaning the 3D printer, always disconnect the 3D printer from the electrical outlets to avoid accidental contacts.

Electronics

The use of quality electronic components , as well as cables with the appropriate section is crucial to avoid excess temperatures that can lead to the fire of the 3D printer itself and this, in turn, of everything that is around it. Another possible problem that can also cause a fire is that the temperature sensor comes out of its housing and the heating cartridge raises its temperature to the maximum, melting the elements that are around it and can cause fire.

Hot parts

Sometimes by inertia or forgetfulness you tend to put your hand inside the 3D printer while it's still hot, which can cause severe burns to the skin . We mustn't forget that the operation of a 3D printer is based on the principle of polymer melting, which implies a high temperature in the heating elements.

In addition, the fact that the 3D printer is switched off or unplugged after finishing an impression doesn't imply that the heating elements are cold, so it shouldn't be touched until enough time has passed.

Mobile parts

For the movement of the 3 axes, as well as that of the 2 extruders, electrical motors are used step by step with high torque. When you put your fingers or your hand in the areas of the shafts, spindles and belts, it can cause entrapments, bruises and wounds , as well as burns due to the heat dissipated by the motors. Therefore, we must be very careful when entering the hand inside the 3D printer , and should only be done if strictly necessary, and to be able to be with security measures to prevent further damage in the event of an accident.

Fixing spray

When applying the base fixative spray (3DLac, DimaFix or PrintaFix) it must be done outside the 3D printer since they are highly inflammable products that in contact with high temperatures or residual electric currents can cause a flame. Although it seems incredible, there have already been more than one case where a house is burned or something worse because of the wrong process.

Our particular recommendation is that at all times you have proof (especially when you have a 3D printer in a domestic environment), that this isn't a "toy", and that its operation carries associated risks. It's always better to have 3D printers with CE marking that have a closed housing and HEPA filter, and if possible in ventilated places.